This report adopts a cradle-to-retail system boundary, covering all stages from livestock rearing to retail display, to assess greenhouse gas emissions associated with meat products. In addition, the study broadens its scope by incorporating supply chain carbon emissions from major beef-exporting countries with significant shares in Korean beef market, including the United States, Australia, and New Zealand. As a result, the emissions data derived from this LCA study serve not only as quantitative indicators but also as a tool to help consumers better understand the climate impact of their meat consumption choices.

Ultimately, this study seeks to shed light on the 'hidden carbon' embedded in meat products and to provide consumers with meaningful information that supports more sustainable purchasing decisions by encouraging consideration of carbon emissions alongside price and quality.